| 1901: |
Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures
Riyad. |
| 1901: |
French forces occupy Morocco. |
| 1904: |
Morocco becomes a French
protectorate under the Conference of Algeciras. |
| 1904: |
The Presian constitution is
promoted. |
| 1905: |
The beginning of the Salafiyyah
movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt. |
| 1907: |
The beginning of the Young Turks
movement in Turkey. |
| 1912: |
The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah
reform movement in Indonesia. |
| 1914: |
Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab
nationalist societies are formed. |
| 1914: |
World War I. |
| 1916: |
Arab revolt against Ottoman
(Turkish) rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway. |
| 1918: |
Armistice signed with Ottomans on
October 30. |
| 1918: |
World War I ends on November 11. |
| 1918: |
Syria and Damascus become a French
protectorate. |
| 1921: |
Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King of
Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Faysal bin Husayn is made King of
Iraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against
colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif". |
| 1922: |
Mustafa Kemal abolishes the Turkish
Sultanate. |
| 1924: |
The Turkish Caliphate is abolished. |
| 1924: |
King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and
Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and
Hijaz. |
| 1925: |
Reza Khan seizes the government in
Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty. |
| 1926: |
Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes title
of King of Najd and Hijaz. |
| 1927: |
Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian
nationalist leader. |
| 1928: |
Turkey is declared a secular state. |
| 1928: |
Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim
Brotherhood. |
| 1932: |
Iraq granted independence by League
of Nations. |
| 1934: |
War between King Abd al-Aziz and
Imam Yahya of the Yemen. |
| 1934: |
Peace treaty of Ta'if. |
| 1934: |
Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1935: |
Iran becomes the official name of
Persia. |
| 1936: |
Increased Jewish immigration
provokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine. |
| 1939: |
World War II. |
| 1941: |
British and Russian forces invade
Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad
Reza Shah in Iran. |
| 1943: |
Beginning of Zionist terrorist
campaign in Palestine. |
| 1945: |
End of World War II. |
| 1946: |
Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are
granted independence from Britain and France. |
| 1947: |
Creation of Pakistan from Muslim
Majority area in India. |
| 1948: |
Creation of state of Israel. Arab
armies suffer defeat in war with Israel. |
| 1949: |
Hasan al-Banna, leader of the Muslim
Brotherhood, is assassinated. |
| 1951: |
Libya becomes independent. |
| 1952: |
King Faruq of Egypt forced to
abdicate. |
| 1953: |
General Zahedi leads coup against
Musaddeq, Shah returns to power. |
| 1953: |
Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud)
of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1953: |
The foundation stone is laid to
enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina. |
| 1956: |
Morocco becomes independent. |
| 1956: |
Tunisia becomes independent. |
| 1957: |
The Bey of Tunisia is deposed, and
Bourguiba becomes becomes president. |
| 1957: |
Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca
begins. |
| 1962: |
Algeria becomes independent. |
| 1962: |
Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen
(Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur
Bi-Llah Muhammad. |
| 1965: |
Malcom X is assassinated. |
| 1968: |
The enlargement of the Haram in
Mecca is completed. |
| 1969: |
King Idris of Libya is ousted by a
coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi. |
| 1973: |
King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan is
overthrown. |
| 1975: |
Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader of
Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America. |
| 1975: |
Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes
leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic
Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission. |
| 1978: |
Imam Musa Sadr is apparently
assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the
religious leader of the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the
resurgence of Shi'ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal. |
| 1979: |
The Shah leaves Iran on January 15,
thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end. |
| 1979: |
On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November,
the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students of
the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of their
group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of
the people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of
the people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against
his will and swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner
of the Kabah) and the Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca
against the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are
captured alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all
put to death. |
| 1980: |
Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war. |
| 1989: |
Iran-Iraq comes to an end with much
loss of life. |
| 1990: |
Military annexation of Kuwait by
Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by a
coalition of United States-led forces. |
