Women In Islam versus Judaeo-Christian Tradition The Myth & The Reality

Notes

1.The Globe and Mail, Oct. 4,1994.
2.Leonard J. Swidler, Women in Judaism: the Status of Women in
Formative Judaism (Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press, 1976) p. 115.
3.Thena Kendath, "Memories of an Orthodox youth" in Susannah Heschel,
ed. On being a Jewish Feminist (New York: Schocken Books, 1983), pp.
96-97.
4.Swidler, op. cit., pp. 80-81.
5.Rosemary R. Ruether, "Christianity", in Arvind Sharma, ed., Women in
World Religions (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987) p.
209.
6.For all the sayings of the prominent Saints, see Karen Armstrong, The
Gospel According to Woman (London: Elm Tree Books, 1986) pp. 52-62. See
also Nancy van Vuuren, The Subversion of Women as Practiced by
Churches, Witch-Hunters, and Other Sexists (Philadelphia: Westminister
Press) pp. 28-30.
7.Swidler, op. cit., p. 140.
8.Denise L. Carmody, "Judaism", in Arvind Sharma, ed., op. cit., p.
197.
9.Swidler, op. cit., p. 137.
10.Ibid., p. 138.
11.Sally Priesand, Judaism and the New Woman (New York: Behrman
House,    Inc., 1975) p. 24.
12.Swidler, op. cit., p. 115.
13.Lesley Hazleton, Israeli Women The Reality Behind the Myths (New
York: Simon and Schuster, 1977) p. 41.
14.Gage, op. cit. p. 142.
15.Jeffrey H. Togay, "Adultery," Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol. II, col.
313. Also, see Judith Plaskow, Standing Again at Sinai: Judaism from a
Feminist Perspective (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1990) pp.
170-177.
16.Hazleton, op. cit., pp. 41-42.
17.Swidler, op. cit., p. 141.
18.Matilda J. Gage, Woman, Church, and State (New York: Truth Seeker
Company, 1893) p. 141.
19.Louis M. Epstein, The Jewish Marriage Contract (New York: Arno
Press, 1973) p. 149.
20.Swidler, op. cit., p. 142.
21.Epstein, op. cit., pp. 164-165.
22.Ibid., pp. 112-113. See also Priesand, op. cit., p. 15.
23.James A. Brundage, Law, Sex, and Christian Society in Medieval
Europe ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987) p. 88.
24.Ibid., p. 480.
25.R. Thompson, Women in Stuart England and America (London: Routledge
& Kegan Paul, 1974) p. 162.
26.Mary Murray, The Law of the Father (London: Routledge, 1995) p. 67.
27.Gage, op. cit., p. 143.
28.For example, see Jeffrey Lang, Struggling to Surrender, (Beltsville,
MD: Amana Publications, 1994) p. 167.
29.Elsayyed Sabiq, Fiqh al Sunnah (Cairo: Darul Fatah lile'lam
Al-Arabi, 11th edition, 1994), vol. 2, pp. 218-229.
30.Abdel-Haleem Abu Shuqqa, Tahreer al Mar'aa fi Asr al Risala (Kuwait:
Dar al Qalam, 1990) pp. 109-112.
31.Leila Badawi, "Islam", in Jean Holm and John Bowker, ed., Women in
Religion (London: Pinter Publishers, 1994) p. 102.
32.Amir H. Siddiqi, Studies in Islamic History (Karachi: Jamiyatul
Falah Publications, 3rd edition, 1967) p. 138.
33.Epstein, op. cit., p. 196.
34.Swidler, op. cit., pp. 162-163.
35.The Toronto Star, Apr. 8, 1995.
36.Sabiq, op. cit., pp. 318-329. See also Muhammad al Ghazali, Qadaya
al Mar'aa bin al Taqaleed al Rakida wal Wafida (Cairo: Dar al Shorooq,
4th edition, 1992) pp. 178-180.
37.Ibid., pp. 313-318.
38.David W. Amram, The Jewish Law of Divorce According to Bible and
Talmud ( Philadelphia: Edward Stern & CO., Inc., 1896) pp. 125-126.

39.Epstein, op. cit., p. 219.
40.Ibid, pp 156-157.
41.Muhammad Abu Zahra, Usbu al Fiqh al Islami (Cairo: al Majlis al A'la
li Ri'ayat al Funun, 1963) p. 66.
42.Epstein, op. cit., p. 122.
43.Armstrong, op. cit., p. 8.
44.Epstein, op. cit., p. 175.
45.Ibid., p. 121.
46.Gage, op. cit., p. 142.
47.B. Aisha Lemu and Fatima Heeren, Woman in Islam (London: Islamic
Foundation, 1978) p. 23.
48.Hazleton, op. cit., pp. 45-46.
49.Ibid., p. 47.
50.Ibid., p. 49.
51.Swidler, op. cit., pp. 144-148.
52.Hazleton, op. cit., pp 44-45.
53.Eugene Hillman, Polygamy Reconsidered: African Plural Marriage and
the Christian Churches (New York: Orbis Books, 1975) p. 140.
54.Ibid., p. 17.
55.Ibid., pp. 88-93.
56.Ibid., pp. 92-97.
57.Philip L. Kilbride, Plural Marriage For Our Times (Westport, Conn.:
Bergin & Garvey, 1994) pp. 108-109.
58.The Weekly Review, Aug. 1, 1987.
59.Kilbride, op. cit., p. 126.
60.John D'Emilio and Estelle B. Freedman, Intimate Matters: A history
of Sexuality in America (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1988)
p. 87.
61.Ute Frevert, Women in German History: from Bourgeois Emancipation to
Sexual Liberation (New York: Berg Publishers, 1988) pp. 263-264.
62.Ibid., pp. 257-258.
63.Sabiq, op. cit., p. 191.
64.Hillman, op. cit., p. 12.
65.Nathan Hare and Julie Hare, ed., Crisis in Black Sexual Politics
(San Francisco: Black Think Tank, 1989) p. 25.
66.Ibid., p. 26.
67.Kilbride, op. cit., p. 94.
68.Ibid., p. 95.
69.Ibid.
70.Ibid., pp. 95-99.
71.Ibid., p. 118.
72.Lang, op. cit., p. 172.
73.Kilbride, op. cit., pp. 72-73.
74.Sabiq, op. cit., pp. 187-188.
75.Abdul Rahman Doi, Woman in Shari'ah (London: Ta-Ha Publishers, 1994)
p. 76.
76.Menachem M. Brayer, The Jewish Woman in Rabbinic Literature: A
Psychosocial Perspective (Hoboken, N.J: Ktav Publishing House, 1986) p.
239.
77.Ibid., pp. 316-317. Also see Swidler, op. cit., pp. 121-123.
78.Ibid., p. 139.
79.Susan W. Schneider, Jewish and Female (New York: Simon &
Schuster, 1984) p. 237.
80.Ibid., pp. 238-239.
81.Alexandra Wright, "Judaism", in Holm and Bowker, ed., op. cit., pp.
128-129
82.Clara M. Henning, "Cannon Law and the Battle of the Sexes" in
Rosemary R. Ruether, ed., Religion and Sexism: Images of Woman in the
Jewish and Christian Traditions (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974) p.
272.
83.Donald B. Kraybill, The riddle of the Amish Culture (Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989) p. 56.
84.Khalil Gibran, Thoughts and Meditations (New York: Bantam Books,
1960) p. 28.
85.The Times, Nov. 18, 1993.
Note in addition: This manuscript has been published by WAMY, 1995.